西北野生大豆(Glycine soja)资源考察初报

A Survey Report of Wild Soybean(Glycine soja) Resources in the Northwest of China

2011-2015年和2017年配合实施科技部"西北干旱区抗逆农作物种质资源调查"项目对西北地区甘肃、宁夏、陕西及内蒙古东部等部分县市(区、农场)进行了野生大豆的搜集考察。搜集54个县市(区、旗)、134个乡镇(场)、173个村(点),222份资源(220个居群)。搜集资源海拔范围在332~1623 m,约70%资源分布在海拔1000 m以上。鉴定出高耐旱资源2个居群15株; 13544个单株Kunitz蛋白质电泳结果显示,83. 90%的频率是Tia类型,16. 69%的频率是Tib类型,发现两个新的变异体Til和Tim型,并识别出1个稀有的Tiab1类型。测序确认至少15. 76%Tib类型是Tibi7等位基因; Til型是Tibi7等位基因第57号的异亮氨酸(Ile)突变为缬氨酸(Val),Tim型是Tiab1型第159号的精氨酸(Arg)突变为色氨酸(Trp)和第169号遗传密码发生一个无义碱基突变(TTA→CTA)。调查显示,α组皂角苷成分普遍存在于中国野生大豆,而我国西北陕甘的大豆含有高比率的α组皂角苷成分品种。目前只有在中国大豆发现有α组皂角苷成分,从化学成分地理分布的角度我们提出栽培大豆最早驯化地在我国渭河流域的可能性。

In 2011-2015 and 2017 ,we collected wild soybean genetic resources in the northwestern regions in- cluding Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi and eastern Inner Mongolia of China supported by the project of the ＇Northwest Stress-Resistance Crop Germplasm Collection Project＇ financed by the Ministry of Science and Technology. The col- lecting action was carried out in 173 villages or sites of 134 towns of 54 cities, and 222 wild soybean accessions （from 220 local populations）were collected. Fifteen drought-tolerant inviduals were identified in two populations. The altitudes of collecting sites arranged from 332 to 1623 metre and approximately 70% of collected accessions were found in areas that are over 1000-metre. By electrophoresis of 13544 plants for Kunitz inhibitoing protein （KTI） ,83.90% and 16.69% of samples represented Tia type and Tib type, respectively. Interestingly,we identi- fied two new variants Til and Tim as well as a rare allele Tiab1 type. By sequence analyais, 15.76% of Tib type was verified to be allelic to Tibi7. The variant Til was derived from a mutation of Tibi7 allele at the 57th amino acid（ Ile →Val） , and Tim from Tiahi type contained a mutation at the 159 amino acid（Arg→Trp） and a synonymous muta- tionat the 169 amino acid（TTA→CTA）. The group α saponins is widely existed in Chinese wild soybeans and this component is often found in accessions collected from northwestern part of China. The group α saponins was specif- ically found to date in Chinese soybeans, and we therefore proposed a hypothesis that the Wei-he River Valley, Chi-na, might be an area of the origin of soybeans.