人腺病毒感染的免疫应答机制

Immune response mechanism of human adenovirus infection

人腺病毒（Human adenovirus,HAdV）是基因药物中使用最广泛的载体,其应用范围从溶瘤治疗到疫苗接种,也是引起婴幼儿急性呼吸道感染等多种疾病的重要病原体之一.人类先天性免疫系统如何防御HAdV一直是其作为疫苗载体应用的研究重点,在免疫缺陷患者及造血干细胞移植患者中,特异性T细胞免疫治疗也是近年研究的热点之一.虽然部分HAdV载体疫苗已进入临床试验,其免疫机制仍存在争议.本文描述了人体先天性免疫系统和适应性免疫系统是如何防御HAdV,及HAdV对人免疫应答的逃脱机制,以期为疫苗研究指明方向,深化临床医师对HAdV重症感染的认识.

Human adenovirus （HAdV） is the most widely used vector of gene drugs. Its applications range from oncolytic therapy to vaccination, besides, HAdV is one of the most important pathogen causing acute respiratory infections in infants and young children. How the human innate immune system protects against HAdV has always been the focus of its application as a vaccine carrier. In patients with immunodeficient and hematopoietie stem cell transplant, specific T cell immunotherapy is also one of the hotspots in recent years. Although some HAdV vector vaccines have entered clinical trials, the immune mechanism remains controversial. This article describes how the human innate immune system and the adaptive immune system defend against HAdV and the escape mechanism of HAdV for human immune responses,in order to indicate directions for vaccine research and deepen clinicians＇ understanding of HAdV severe infections.