法国总统及立法大选与法国政党格局的演变

French Presidential and Legislative Election:The End of the Bipolar Political Structure

2017年,法国相继进行了总统和立法选举,选举结果历史性地颠覆了法国的既有政治格局:左右两大传统政党执政的社会党和在野的共和党在总统大选中均被淘汰,在之后的立法选举中也未能翻盘,而反建制和非建制的政党则表现出色:成立不足一年宣称超越左右对立、走中间道路的共和国前进党出人意料地获得了两大选举的胜利,左右两派民粹主义势力也有出色的表现。全球化和欧洲一体化对法国社会的冲击使得主流政党应对乏力,是导致法国政党格局变化的主要原因。旧格局的颠覆开启了新格局的重组,重组迄今仍在进行,法国政党政治格局由此进入了一个全新且漫长的调整时期。

In April-June 2017,France held both the presidential and the legislative elections.The results dealt a serious blow to France's traditional political balance of power:the two traditional political parties,the ruling Socialist Party(Parti socialist,PS)and the opposition Republican Party(Parti républicain,PR),both lost the presidential election,and neither was able to gain a majority in the subsequent legislative elections.On the contrary,the anti-establishment and non-establishment political parties did surprisingly well:The Republic on the Move(La République En Marche,REM),which was established less than a year earlier and subscribed to centrism,unexpectedly won the two major elections.The populist forces on both the right and the left also performed well.With the undoing of the old political structure,French politics will enter a long period of adjustment as the restructuring continues.