旁路吸肥式水肥一体化自动施肥机的设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Bypass Fertilizer-type Water and Fertilizer Integrated Automatic Fertilizer Applicator

依据现代农业节水省肥增产的灌溉要求,设计了一款三通道旁路吸肥式水肥一体化自动施肥机。其中混肥系统基于射流器并联,实现对多种单元素液肥的独立吸取;利用进水口及抽吸泵产生的压差,实现液肥吸入和水肥混合液的输出;控制系统以西门子PLC作为控制元件,以西门子EM231模拟量输入模块、以电动比例调节阀为执行部件,通过逻辑程序控制各个执行机构实现对单元素液肥的定量吸取。利用Solid Works完成整机的结构设计建模,运用FLo EFD软件对施肥机的水肥混合情况进行仿真模拟,验证该施肥机可以稳定、均匀、连续的进行水肥的吸入及输出。通过设备选型搭建试验,测得三通道最大吸肥量与仿真分析值最大误差为2%,小于3%,说明设计的三通道施肥机各通道有较高的吸肥精度。

According to the irrigation requirements of modern agricultural water-saving and fertilizer production increase,this article introduces a three-channel by-pass fertilizer-type water and fertilizer integrated automatic fertilizer spreader. The mixed fertilizer system is based on the parallel connection of the jets to realize the independent suction of various single element liquid fertilizers; the pressure difference generated by the inlet and the suction pump is used to realize the inhalation of the liquid fertilizer and the output of the water and fertilizer mixture; the control system uses the Siemens PLC as the control element. With the Siemens EM231 analog input module and electric proportional control valve as the executing parts,each actuator is controlled by logic program to realize the quantitative absorption of single element liquid fertilizer. Using Solid Works to complete the structural design of the whole machine,the FLo EFD software is used to simulate the water and fertilizer application of the fertilizer applicator,and it is verified that the fertilizer applicator can perform stable,uniform and continuous water and fertilizer inhalation and output. Through the equipment selection and construction test,the maximum error of the maximum absorption amount and simulation analysis value of the three channels is 2% and less than 3%,indicating that the design of the three-channel fertilizer applicator has higher suction accuracy for each channel.