权力、技术与水分配政治——以河北石村集中供水项目为例

Power,Technology and Politics of Water Distribution:The case of centralized water supply scheme in Shi Village of Hebei Province

以河北石村的集中供水项目为例,分析了项目设计、实施和运行所嵌入的政治过程及其对供水分配的形塑和影响。在村干部主导的项目设计和实施过程中,村民的有限参与导致部分村民的具体水权无法实现。在项目运行过程中,项目供水对出现在村庄的选铁厂产生了经济依赖。在市场波动的影响下,选铁厂的关停在切断集中供水经济支持的同时,加速了村民自发打井的热潮,村民之间的水分化开始加剧,穷人的水获取处境愈加脆弱化。农村集中供水项目的实施应该强调和尊重村民的主体地位和决策权,确保村民在水分配中拥有平等的水获取权。解决农村饮水安全问题除了资金和技术投入之外,核心在于对农民尤其是贫困群体水权的尊重和保护。

Taking centralized water supply scheme in Shi village of Hebei province as an example,this paper has analyzed the process of how the scheme is designed,implemented and maintained as well as how it shapes water accesses among villagers.Due to the lack of decision power of villagers in design and implementation process,water access of many villagers has been excluded.In terms of maintenance,because of the shortage of public fund for water supply,village leaders turn to iron powder production factories for help and economic dependency relation between them has been formed.The closing of iron powder factories not only has disrupted the economic support for centralized water supply,but also triggered the rise of private tube wells among villagers.Since not every villager could afford tube wells,water access among villagers becomes differentiated.The water access of the poor becomes vulnerable and marginalized.The decision power power of villagers in centralized water supply scheme should be improved for more equal water access.Beside techniques and financial support,equal water access especially for the poor is the key for water security in rural areas.