利他情境对驾驶个体跟驰行为的影响

Effect of altruistic scenarios for individual car-following behavior

地震灾害情景下的个体跟驰行为会受到利他情境的影响。基于驾驶模拟器，设置利他情境和中性情境两组驾驶任务，在相同的道路驾驶场景中，采集被试个体的跟驰行为数据。选择Gipps模型用于表示个体跟驰行为，采用遗传算法对不同个体的Gipps跟驰模型参数进行标定。对比不同驾驶任务组的标定结果表明：利他情境与中性情境驾驶任务组的组间差异显著；个体执行利他情境驾驶任务时，相比中性情境驾驶任务，驾驶的最大减速度上升、预估前车最大减速度上升、安全距离下降、最大加速度上升；利他情境下个体有意识紧跟前车以达到尽快完成驾驶任务的目的，同时在行驶过程中表现出个体对驾驶安全性有更高的期望。该研究表明：在应急交通疏散过程中，给予个体一定程度的利他情境，可能有助于提高交通疏散整体的安全性能与疏散效率。

Individual car-following behavior during earthquakes is affected by the altruistic scenarios. Driving simulator tests were used to observe car-following behavior for various individuals for the same test conditions for altruistic and neutral driving scenarios. The Gipps model was used to model the car-following behavior with a genetic algorithm used to calibrate the parameters in the Gipps car following mode] for the various individuals. The tests were then used to compare the model parameters from the two driving task groups, which showed a significant difference between the altruistic and neutral groups. The altruistic group had higher maximum deceleration rates, higher estimates of the maximum deceleration rate of the car in front of them, shorter safety distances and higher maximum acceleration rates than the neutral group. The results show that the altruistic individuals tend to follow closer to the car in front of them with more expectations for driving safety. This study shows that during emergency traffic evacuations, altruistic drivers will exhibit improved driving performance and safety.