基于区块链的数字档案长期保存:既有探索及未来发展

本文通过分析区块链在数字档案长期保存方面的长处、不足和风险,得出区块链在数字档案保存中成功应用需要解决寻找到保证哈希值持续有效的方法,构建合适的区块结构,和相关技术相互集成,选择合适的共识机制,保持区块链节点的相对稳定,保证区块链数据的长期可用、可验证,档案机构存在应用区块链提升数字档案管理水平的内外要求等7大关键问题。作者以这些关键问题作为分析框架,以英国ARCHANGEL项目和InterPARES Trust欧洲团队信任链模型项目作为案例展开研究,结果显示已在部分问题上取得进展,未来需要在推动区块链档案应用的标准化、完善生态系统等方面继续发展。

By analyzing the advantages, disadvantages and risks of blockchain application to the longterm preservation of digital records, this paper finds seven key issues of successful application as continuously effectiveness of the hash value, a suitable block structure, integration with related technologies, the appropriate consensus mechanism, the relative stability of the bloekehain nodes, the long-term availability and verifiability of the data on blockchain, and the motivation of archival institutions to meet internal and external requirements. Using these key issues as an analytical framework, the authors study two cases ineluding the ARCHANGEL project and TRUSTER Preservation Model project and conclude that researchers have got some answers of the key issues, however, the standardization promotion and the ecosystems improvementare are vital to the future development of archival blockchain.