从里耶简看秦代紧急公文种类与递送方式——兼谈秦汉《行书律》相关问题

秦代紧急公文主要包含“命书”（制书）和“署书”（急书）两类,“命书”（制书）主要是传达王命或皇帝命令的文书,“署书”（急书）在新出秦简牍中又被称为“恒署书”。紧急公文主要采用“故令人行”和“利足行”的方式传送,它们都是“以邮行”文书递送方式中的特殊形式。另外,“利足行”和睡虎地秦简中“轻足行”是不同的两类文书递送方式。

Emergency document of Qin Dynasty mainly consist of two types： ＂Ming Shu＂ （ZhiShu） and ＂ShuShu＂（JiShu）.＂Ming Shu＂（ZhiSbu）is a document which was used to deliver orders from king or emperor, and ＂ShuShu＂ （JiShu）is also called ＂HengShuShu＂ in the newly found bamboo slips of Qin Dynasty. E- mergency documents were primarily delivered by means of ＂Gu Ling Ren Xing＂ and ＂Li Zu Xing＂, and both ways were special document delivery modes of ＂Yi You Xing＂. Besides, ＂Li Zu Xing＂ and ＂Qing Zu Xing＂ of Qin bamboo slips of Shuihudi are different modes of document delivery.