俄罗斯银行制度在经济转轨初期的演进研究

A Study on the Evolution of Russian Banking System in the Early Period of Economic Transition

随着苏联解体,俄联邦政府成立,俄罗斯的经济制度开始从高度集中的计划经济向市场经济转轨,其银行制度也经历了转轨中的重新构建。经济转轨初期,即1992—1998年金融危机前,俄罗斯银行经历了从苏联严格管控、国家计划的银行制度到二级银行体系的演进过程。俄联邦政府通过法律手段确立并不断完善以中央银行为核心,商业银行为支撑的银行体系。中央银行与商业银行皆有其职能、特征及经营业务范围。由于处于转轨初期,央行的管控效果时常受到限制,商业银行制度体系也仍然存在一定问题。

With the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the establishment of the federal government,Russia's economic system began to shift from a highly centralized planned economy to a market economy,and its banking system underwent a restructuring in transition. In the early period of economic transition,from 1992 to 1998 before the financial crisis, Soviet Union banking system focused on the shift from the former Soviet Union strictly controlled, the national planned banking system to two-level banks system.Soviet Union government elaborates the legal status and function of the central bank, the supervision of the commercial banks, the characteristics of the commercial banking system and the scope of the business.It also analyzes the control effect of the central bank and the problems of commercial banks.