纳米佐剂在疫苗研究中的应用

Applications of Nanoparticle-Based Adjuvants on the vaccine

纳米佐剂(nanoparticle-based adjuvants)是指粒径<1 000 nm的佐剂。与传统佐剂相比,纳米佐剂因具有靶向性、缓释性、安全性及高效性等优点而受到疫苗研究者的青睐。特别是其在免疫辅佐效果和安全性方面表现出极大的优势,促进了许多新型疫苗在临床上的广泛应用。同时,纳米佐剂可提高基因转染效率,这一特征为核酸疫苗的应用提供了可能。现从纳米佐剂的组成成分、作用机制、免疫辅佐效果以及临床应用等方面对几种极具潜力的纳米佐剂作一概述。

Nanoscale-based adjuvant is an adjuvant with a particle size less than 1 000 nm. Nanoparticle-based adjuvants have been a hotspot because of its targeting,delayed releasing,safety and effectiveness compared with conventional adjuvants; especially for,the immune adjuvant effect and safety dominances have promoted the new vaccines to be used widely.Additionally,nanoparticle-based adjuvants can increase the efficiency of gene transfection for a DNA vaccine. Here,we briefly review the research concerning the components,mechanisms,immune adjuvant effects and clinical applications of nanostructure-based adjuvants.