基于史密斯政策执行模型理论下的中美青少年体育活动促进计划比较研究

Comparative Study on Chinese and American Youth Sports Promotion Program Based on Smith's Policy Implementation Process Model

青少年体育活动促进计划作为一项重要的公共体育政策,旨在提升全体青少年活动水平,进而提升青少年体质。运用史密斯政策执行过程模型对中美两国青少年体育活动促进计划的制定及执行状况进行分析,得出结论是:其一,虽然中美两国青少年活动计划制定主体不一样,但都存在着政策目标层级偏低,绩效考核机制不健全的问题;其二,中美教育管理体制不同,相应地,政策执行机构的人力资源状况、机构数量、组织结构和经费有所不同;其三,影响中美青少年体育活动促进计划实施效果的主要因素各有不同,中国主要受制于政策执行环境,而美国则受制于分权制教育体制,难以形成统一实施方案。

As an important public policy, the youth sports promotion program aims to raise the level of youth activities and thus improve the health of teenagers. Based on Smith policy implementation process model, the United States and China youth sports promote planning and execution condition is analyzed, the conclusions are the followings： first, although the United States and China youth activities planning is not the same as the main body, but both facing the same problems which are low level policy target, unsound performance evaluation mechanism; Secondly, the management system of education in China and the United States is different. Correspondingly, the human resource status, number of institutions, organizational structure and funds of the policy enforcement agencies are different. Third, the impact factors of implementation of youth sports promoting plans in China and the US are different, the main factors of China mainly subject to the policy execution environment, while the US is subject to a decentralized education system, and difficult to form a unified plan.