国家管辖范围外海洋保护区的国际立法趋势与中国因应

The Trend of International Legislation on Marine Protected Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction and China's Response

海洋保护区是改善国家管辖范围外海域的生物多样性保护和可持续利用的重要工具之一,且海洋保护区的生态网络对维持公海生态系统至关重要。当前关于国家管辖范围外区域生态系统保护的国际法律框架尚未形成,针对该区域的治理手段相对薄弱,对传统的公海自由制度也造成了一定的冲击,有必要注重与公海制度的协调,综合考量科学、社会因素采取治理手段,借鉴东北大西洋海洋保护区网络等区域性实践中平衡保护与开发利用的经验,实现可持续发展。中国作为海洋大国,在处理好本国海洋保护问题的同时,加强对海洋保护区的研究,积极加入到国家管辖范围外海洋保护区的建设和管理,兼顾我国经济发展需要和国际整体利益。

Marine protected areas are one of the important tools for improving the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction,and the ecological networks of marine protected areas are crucial for maintaining the open sea ecosystem. The current international legal framework for ABNJ ecosystem protection has not yet been formed. The governance methods for the region are relatively weak,and it has also had a certain impact on the traditional high seas freedom system. It is necessary to pay attention to the coordination with the high seas system and comprehensively consider the scientific and social factors. The sustainable development can be realized by referring to the balanced protection and exploitation experience in regional practice such as the northeast Atlantic Marine reserve network. As a large marine country,China should strengthen the study of marine protected areas,actively participate in the construction and management of ABNJ marine protected areas,and take into account the needs of China’s economic development and the overall interests of the international community.