患者知情同意权制度构造之反思——从榆林待产孕妇跳楼案切入

Reflection on the Law Structure of Patient's Right of Informed Consent :Based on the Case of YuLin Pregnant Woman Who Jumped to Her Death

在构建患者知情同意权保护制度时,知情同意的相对性、医患关系的多质性、家庭秩序的结构性等制度基础没有得到足够重视。通常认为知情同意权的制度基础在于患者作为人的自主决定权。《侵权责任法》第55条充分彰显了患者的自主决定权,构建了一套"独立并优先"的知情同意权制度。然而这项制度是在缺乏对"自主决定"予以话语转换和法律改造的前提下建立的,很难在实践中得到贯彻。从知情同意权回归知情否决权,通过完善《医疗机构管理条例》第33条来保护患者和约束医疗机构,是一条更加可行的路径。

In the construction of system to protect the patient’s right of informed consent,the relativity of informed consent,the multi-natures of the doctor-patient relationship and the structural nature of family order have not been paid enough attention to. It is generally believed that the institutional basis of informed consent right lies in the patient’s right of self-determination as a person. The fifty-fifth article of the Tort liability Act fully demonstrates the independent decision-making right of the patient,and constructs the system of the independent and priority informed consent right. However,this system is set up under the premise of lacking the discourse transformation and legal reform of ＂self-determination＂,and it is difficult to be carried out in practice. From the right of informed consent to the right of informed veto,it is a more feasible way to protect the patients and restrict the medical institutions through the improvement of the thirty-third article of the Medical Institution Administration Regulation.