浙江苍南灵江话声调实验

An Experimental Study on Tones of Lingjiang Dialect in Cangnan County,Zhejiang Province

浙江省苍南县灵江镇的方言属于瓯江片吴语,共有8个声调,其中阳平和阴去在听感上基本一致,均可记为[■]31。本文用实验语音学方法,分析了苍南县灵江话的声调格局,发现阳平与阴去在声学上并不完全一致,主要差别在前40%段内。阳平起点的基频LZ值低,前段上升,后段下降;阴去起点的基频LZ值高,整体下降。阴声调和阳声调的声调曲线大部分重合在吴语中是非常罕见的现象。灵江话的阳平与阴去可以有两种不同的处理方式:一是声调合并,音节上由清浊声母区别;一是分[■]231和[■]31两个声调。但究竟何种处理为好,仅依靠声学分析和单个方言的音系归纳是不够的,需要对声调类型进行全面的考察。

Eight tones are identified in Lingjiang dialect in Cangnan county, Zhejiang province, a dialect of Oujiang cluster of Wu group, among which Yangping and Yinqu tones can hardly be distinguished merely by perception and can be both marked as 31. Through an experimental phonetic method, this paper analyzes the framework of tones in this dialect and obtains findings on acoustical basis, i.e. the Yangping 阳平. and Yinqu 阴去, tones are not completely coincident and the major contrast lies in the first 40% period. The starting point of F0 of the Yangping tone is lower, increases at the forepart and decreases at the posterior, while that of Yinqu tone is higher and then decreases. It is rarely found in Wu dialects that the major parts of the curves of these two tones are coincident. Two phonetic patterns are adopted according to this study, i.e. taking the two tones as a whole and distinguishing them by voiced or unvoiced consonants, or distinguishing them as 231 and 31. To tell which pattern is better, it needs a comprehensive tone research rather than the mere acoustic analysis or the generalization from a single dialect.