村民自治的社会动力机制与自治单元——以湖北秭归双层村民自治为例

Social Dynamic Mechanism and Autonomous Unit of the Villager Autonomy——A Case Study of the Double Deck Villager Autonomy in Zigui County of Hubei Province

实践中,自治单元内的社会关联、利益相关与精英收益是村民自治的三重社会动力机制,决定着村民自治的效果。在湖北秭归的双层村民自治实践中,社会动力机制在行政村和村落两种自治单元内发挥了不同的作用:村落较行政村更能保存社区记忆和建立现代社会关联;在公共品供给、土地产权和产业发展三个方面,行政村很难形成一致性利益,而村落内具有高度同质性利益;相较于村庄内的面子、权威等社会性收益,村干部更关注来自县乡的经济性收益,但村落的"两长八员"需要面子、声誉、权威等社会性收益以及低保等经济性收益。三重自下而上的社会动力机制对村落村民自治的推动力更为充足,村民自治在村落自治单元可以更好地发挥基层民主的治理功能。因此,村民自治应与村庄社会基础相适应。

In practice,the social relevance,interest related and elite income in the autonomous unit are the three social dynamic mechanism of villager autonomy,which determine the effect of villager autonomy.In the practice of double deck villager autonomy in Zigui County of Hubei Province,the social dynamic mechanism has played different roles in administrative villages and villages.Villages,compared with administrative villages,could better preserve community memory and establish modern social connections.In terms of public goods supply,land property right and industrial development,it is difficult for administrative villages to form consistent interests,while villages have high homogeneity interests;The administrative village cadres do not care about social benefits such as face and authority in villages,but care about the economic benefits from county and township,but the village cadres need social benefits such as face,reputation,authority,and economic benefits such as the subsistence allowances.Three bottom-up social motive mechanism is more powerful in prompting villager autonomy of the village.Village autonomy can play a better role in the governance function of grassroots democracy in the village autonomous unit.Therefore,the villager autonomy should be adapted to the social foundations of the village.