冲击免疫方案治疗变应性鼻炎的依从性、有效性及安全性分析

Analysis on compliance, effectiveness and safety of rush immunotherapy in the treatment of allergic rhinitis

目的了解冲击免疫(rush immunotherapy,RIT)方案治疗变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis,AR)的依从性、有效性及安全性。方法选择98例尘螨皮肤点刺试验结果阳性的AR患者作为研究对象,随机分为研究组和对照组,每组49例。研究组采用RIT方案进行治疗,对照组采用常规方案。比较两组患者治疗的依从性、有效性及安全性。结果研究组患者的注射完成率显著高于对照组(vs98.8%93.0%,P<0.01)。研究组患者治疗第1周的鼻炎症状视觉模拟评分(visual analog scale,VAS)显著低于对照组(P<0.01),治疗第5周则显著高于对照组(P<0.01),治疗第11、17周时两组患者的VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者从治疗第1周开始的VAS评分均显著低于治疗前(P<0.01)。研究组与对照组患者的局部不良反应发生率(31.3%vs 31.8%)和全身不良反应发生率(vs12.5%11.4%)差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在AR的特异性免疫治疗中,RIT方案和常规方案有着相似的有效性和安全性,但RIT方案患者的依从性更好。

Objective To investigate the compliance, effectiveness and safety of rush immunotherapy（RIT） in the treatment of allergic rhinitis（AR）. 98 AR patients positive in skin-prick test to dust mite were chosen as the study Methodsobjects, and then randomly divided into Study Group and Control Group, 49 cases in each group. The Study Group was treated with RIT while the Control Group was treated with conventional regimen. The compliance, effectiveness and safety of the treatment were compared between the two groups. Results With respect to compliance, the Study Group had the injection completion rate significantly higher than the Control Group（98.8% vs 93.0%）, and the difference was statistically significant（P〈0.01）. With respect to effectiveness, the Study Group had the visual analog scale（VAS） score of rhinitis symptoms significantly lower than the Control Group in the 1 st week of the treatment（P〈0.01） while significantly higher than the Control Group in the 5 th week of the treatment（P〈0.01）. However, there was no statistical difference in VAS score between the two groups in the 11 th and 17 th week（P〉0.05）. The two groups had the VAS score after the treatment significantly lower than that before the treatment since the first week of treatment（P〈0.01）. With respect to safety, there was no statistical difference in the incidence of local adverse reactions（31.3% vs 31.8%） and the incidence of systemic adverse reactions（12.5% vs 11.4%） between the two groups（P〉0.05）. Conclusion In the specific immunotherapy for AR, RIT and the conventional regimen have similar effectiveness and safety, but RIT has a better compliance of patients.