晚清客家籍外交官群体与近代中国外交体制转型

The Rise and Decline of Hakka Diplomatic Corps

近代以降,在中国外交领域曾经活跃一群客家人,他们中有何如璋、黄遵宪等因仕途而出使,有张弼士、张煜南等商而优则士,也有刁作谦、李骏等留学归国参与选拔而入外交界的。在中国传统朝贡体系外交转向近代外交体系过程中,晚清幕府制度的存在、士人和商人间的血缘、地缘、学缘关系网络等因素,促成客家籍外交官群体逐渐形成,他们的出现自觉、不自觉地促进近代中国外交体制的转型。

The Qing dynasty established the first diplomatic service department after invasion by western powers.Then The Qing dynasty sent the ambassadors to the other nations.Among the ambassadors,Hakka diplomatic corps arose,such as Huang Zunxian,He Ruzhang,Zhang Bishi.The reasons of the rise of Hakka diplomats were the kinship,relations of geopolitical and consanguinity of scholarships between them.They accelerated the transformation of China＇s diplomatic system.