不同原料生物碳对滴灌棉花产量及土壤磷素利用率的影响

Effects of Different Biochars on Yield and Phosphorus Use Efficiency of Cotton under Drip Irrigation

【目的】以棉花秸秆、玉米穗轴、鸡粪为原料制备生物碳,探究不同原料生物碳对棉花产量和磷素利用率的影响。【方法】试验设置4个生物碳处理:对照、棉花秸秆生物碳处理、玉米穗轴生物碳处理和鸡粪生物碳处理,分别用CK,BC1,BC2,BC3表示。每个生物碳处理施磷量设置2个水平:0,175 kg·hm-2用P0和P1表示。【结果】与对照相比,3种生物碳的施用均能提高土壤全磷含量。P0水平下,BC1、BC2、BC3分别较CK增加3%、6%、9%; P1水平下,分别较CK增加8%、9%、12%。不同施磷水平下,BC1、BC3处理土壤有效磷含量显著高于对照;而BC2与对照间无明显差异。不施磷条件下,各生物碳处理土壤水溶性含量显著高于CK;施磷条件下,BC2、BC3处理土壤水溶性磷含量显著高于CK。各处理均能增加棉花干物质重和产量。在不施磷条件下,BC1、BC2、BC3棉花产量较CK分别增加4%、8%、11%。施磷条件下,产量较CK分别增加17%、16%、20%。生物碳处理均可显著提高磷肥表观利用率,分别较CK增加28%、167%和202%。【结论】不同原料生物碳的施用均能显著增加棉花产量提高磷素利用率,其中以鸡粪生物碳的影响最大。

[ Objective ] This paper aimed to investigate the effects of biochar on cotton yield and phosphorus use efficiency in different raw ma- terials. [Method]Four treatments E control （CK）, cotton straw hiochar （BC1）, corn cob hiochar （BC2） and chicken manure hiochar （BC3） ] were designed, and each treatment had two levels of phosphorus （P205） ： 0,175 kg · hm -2, expressed in P0 and P1. The effects of different biochar on cotton yield and phosphorus use efficiency were studied. [ Result] Compared with the control, three kinds of biochar application could improve soil total phosphorus content. Under the level of P0, BC1, BC2 and BC3 respectively compared with CK increased by 3.3 % , 5.6 % , 8.9 % , and the level of P1, CK were increased by 7.9 % , 8.9 % , 11.7 %. The application of three biochar could increase dry matter weight and yield of cotton. Under the condition of no phosphorus, the yield of cotton treated with BC1, BC2 and BC3, compared with CK, increased by 3.7 % , 7.5 % and 11.4 % , respectively. Under P1 conditions, the cotton yield compared with CK in- creased by 17 %, 16 % and 20 % , respectively. BC1, BC2 and BC3 could significantly increase apparent utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer, which respectively increased by 28 % , 167 % and 202 % , compared with CK. [ Conclusion] The application of biochar from differ- ent raw materials could significantly increase cotton yield and phosphorus utilization, among which the hiocarhon from chicken manure was the most important.