机床导轨误差的测量和补偿方法研究

A Study on Measurement and Compensation of Machine Tool Guideway Error

以减小机床导轨的误差为研究对象,采用材料力学的方法分析导轨精度下降的基本原因,指出了温度变化和外力作用下对导轨精度的影响,分析了机床导轨在水平面和垂直面内产生的误差。通过比较导轨直线度误差的测量值和数控系统设定的误差值,所得到的数控代码经补偿模块处理,产生新的代码在数控系统中被执行,以达到提高机床导轨精度的目的。

Reducing the error of the machine tool guidway as the research object, this article analyses the basic reason to the decreasing precision of the guidway of the machine tool by the method of material me- chanics, and points out the impact of different temperature changes and outside force on the precision of guidway. The reasons of the guideway errors in the horizontal and vertical surfaces are analyzed. By com- paring the measured value of the straightness error of guideway and the setting error value of the numerical control system, the numerical control code is processed by the compensation module. The new code gener- ated is executed on the system in order to achieve the purpose to improve the precision of the guidway of the machine tool.