减水和减施化肥对设施黑土菜田茄子产量及水分利用率的影响

Effects of reducing irrigation and chemical fertilizers on eggplant yield and water utilization efficiency in a facility vegetable field in black soil region

为了探究减水和减施化肥对设施黑土菜田茄子产量和水分利用率的影响,本研究以茄子为研究对象,对比分析了常规施肥量和灌溉量、80%常规化肥量+正常灌溉量以及80%常规灌溉量+常规施肥量处理的茄子产量和水分利用率的效果。试验结果表明:与常规水肥处理相比,减施化肥处理显著降低了茄子果实、茎叶和根系干物质量(P <0. 05),降幅分别为5. 42%、15. 3%和8. 54%,但对茄子产量、耗水量和水分利用率均无显著影响(P> 0. 05)。减水处理的茄子果实和茎叶干物质量较常规水肥处理分别显著降低了6. 86%和18. 3%,茄子产量和耗水量分别显著降低了5. 17%和21. 8%,水分利用率显著增加了21. 6%(P <0. 05)。适当减少化肥的施用量对茄子产量和水分利用率均无显著影响(P> 0. 05);减少灌水量显著降低了茄子的产量,但提高了水分利用率(P <0. 05)。

To investigate the effects of reducing irrigation and chemical fertilizers on eggplant yield and water utilization efficiency （WUE） in a facility- vegetable field of black soil region, we compared and analyzed the effects of regular irrigation and chemical fertil- izers （CK）, 80% regular chemical fertilizers （80F） and 80% regular irrigation （80W） eggplant yield and WUE. The results showed that： compared to CK, the dry- matters of eggplant fruits, stem ＆ leaf and roots in 80F was significantly decreased by 5.42%, 15.3% and 8.54% respectively （P 〈0. 05） , while eggplant yield, water consumption and WUE were not significantly affected （P 〉0. 05） . Compared to CK, the dry- matters of eggplant fruits and stem ＆ leaf in 80W was significantly decreased by 6. 86% and 18.3% respectively, and eggplant yield and water consumption amount were significantly decreased as well by 5.17 % and 21.8% re- spectively, but WUE was significantly increased by 21.6% （ P 〈 0. 05 ） ; however, reducing chemical fertilizers moderately had no significant effects on eggplant yield and WUE （ P 〉 0. 05 ） . Reducing irrigation significantly decreased eggplant yield but increased WUE （P〈0.05） .