陆游的“躬耕报时”意识及其对田园诗传统的开拓

On Lu You's Thoughts on Farming and Repaying the Country,and His Development of the Tradition of the Pastoral Poetry

庆元五年致仕以后,陆游开始明确而频繁地赋予"躬耕"以儒家道德的意涵。他以躬耕为实践先王勤谨淳朴之道的凭借,躬耕因此具备化民成俗、报效国家的价值。这种认知连带影响了陆游躬耕诗的怀抱旨趣,使其展现出积极乐观、坚韧顽强的个性色彩。其诗因此以奋发的人格精神与内蕴的报时淑世意识,超越了陶渊明以降借咏躬耕抒发出世情怀的窠臼,拓展了田园诗的境界。陆诗的这种特色有深刻的时代背景,与宋代的重农国策、频繁的阶层流动,和理学躬行道德、重视教化的思想密不可分。陆游的躬耕诗既标志着他开拓田园诗旨趣的成就,也揭示了南宋士大夫关怀乡里的一种特殊方式,更是我们理解陆游晚年心态的重要途径。

Since his retirement in 1199, Lu You consciously and frequently began to understand farming in a Confueianistie sense, i.e. as the means by which to realize the ideal of diligence and frugality as well as the expression of Lu＇s family tradition of filial piety and rectitude. Fainting thereby takes on the value of education and loyalty to the country. It also influenees Lu You＇s understanding of his farming poetry, giving it a distinctive feature of optimism and tenacity. For these reasons, Lu You＇ s pastoral poetry surpasses Tao Yuanming＇s and broadens its spiritual visions. These features of Lu You＇s pastoral poetry have its back-ground in the physioeraey of the Song dynasty, its social mobility and the curreney of Neoeontheianist emphasis on enlightenment. Overall, Lu You＇s farming poetry signals both the development of traditional pastoral poetry and the unique way by which the officials of the Southern Song dynasty expressed their concern for their homeland.