基于人为压力和保护优先生境分析的云南省保护地体系优化研究

Optimizing the protected areas based on the analysis of human pressure and priority conservation habitats in Yunnan,China

人为压力是生物多样性系统保护规划和自然保护区设置的重要影响因素.在确定34个保护优先县基础上,耦合物种分布环境信息,进一步识别了保护优先生境.结合优先县的人为压力指数和保护空缺分析,根据保护优先生境的景观格局分析结果,对云南省保护地体系进行优化.结果表明:34个优先县自然保护区覆盖率为12.04%,其中有14个优先县自然保护区覆盖率小于5%,自然保护区覆盖率总体偏小;优先县内81.75%的保护优先生境面积还未被自然保护区覆盖而未受到保护,保护地体系优化存在较大空间; 34个优先县人为压力指数总体较低,自然保护区覆盖率小于5%的优先县人为压力指数较大;无保护区分布的昆明等4个优先县,以及有保护空缺和IHP值等级低的玉龙等3个优先县均存在未来保护区范围调整的潜在保护优先生境.因此需将更多保护优先生境纳入就地保护体系中,特别应重视以上7个优先县的保护地体系的优化.

Human pressure is a key factor in the conservation planning for biodiversity systems and the set- ting of nature reserves.The species distribution environment information is coupled and the priority conservation habitats are further identified, after 34 optimal priority conservation counties are chosen.The human pressure in- dex being combined with the conservation gap analysis in the 34 counties, the system of the protected areas of Yunnan Province is optimized according to the analysis of the landscape pattern of priority conservation habitats. The results show： The nature reserves only occupy 12.04% of the 34 priority counties,which is generally less than expected.Besides, the coverage rate of 14 of the 34 counties is less than 5%.Meanwhile, 81.75% of the prior- ity habitats areas have not been included in nature reserves, nor have they been protected, either; therefore there is still large space for optimizing the system of the protected areas.The overall value of human pressure index of the 34 priority counties is low,while IHp of the mentioned 14 counties is relatively high.In 4 priority counties of Kunming without nature reserves, exist the potential priority habitats in the future planning for protected areas, and so is it with 3 other counties, including Yulong, with conservation gap and a low I.p value. Therefore, more priority conservation habitats should be covered in the system of protected areas, especially the above-mentioned 7 counties.