试论扬雄在宋代历史地位的变迁

On the Changes of Yang Xiong's Historical Position in the Song Dynasty

扬雄在历史上一直是个有争议的人物,在宋代表现得尤其明显。一方面他"宗经""征圣"的复古主张被宋初的士人所推崇,淡泊自守以著《玄》的品格为宋人所仰慕,而同时他文必艰涩的文学主张为宋代的文学家所诟病,屈身事莽的行为为宋人所痛批,人性善恶混说也受到宋人的指责。他的历史地位随着宋代社会和思想文化的发展,有一个由圣贤到贰臣的转变过程。

Yang Xiong has been a controversial figure in history, especially in the Song Dynasty-. On the one hand,his retro proposition of Tsuneo-sutra and Respecting the Holiness was praised highly, and his indifferent self-defense with metaphysical character was admired by people in the Song Dynasty. On the other hand,his idea of difficult literary text was criticized by writers, and his reckless behavior and the mixture of good and evil in human nature were also blamed by people. His historical status has undergone a process of transformation from sage to second minister with the development of society and ideology and culture in the Song Dynasty.