黑格尔批判施莱格尔“反讽”说的思考

A Reflection on Hegel's Criticism of Schlegel's “Irony” Theory

黑格尔对德国早期浪漫派奠基人施莱格尔"反讽"说的批判主要针对其目的论、艺术形式与理论内涵三个方面,指出"反讽"将主体意识抬高到无以复加的地位,以致完全取消客观存在的价值,由此造成艺术作品"理念"的缺失以及艺术形式的偏狭,对于普遍真理的追寻也将囿于过分膨胀的主体精神中,无法完成主客之间的交互,从而成为一个无法企及的目标。对施莱格尔"反讽"说的批判是黑格尔建立自己宏大的客观唯心主义和在此基础之上的美学体系的重要步骤,且其中已经隐含"美是理念的感性显现"这一美学观念。

Hegel's criticism of the"irony"theory of Schlegel, the founder of the early German Romanticschool, is mainly aimed at his teleology theory, artistic form and theoretical connotation. He points out that"irony" elevates the subject consciousness to a position that cannot be added to it, so that the value of objective existence is completely abolished, resulting in the absence of"idea"and the intolerance of art form. Thepursuit of universal truth is also confined to the inflated spirit of the subject, cannot complete the interactionbetween the subject and the object, thus becoming an unattainable goal. The criticism of Schlegel's"irony"is an important step for Hegel to establish his own grand objective idealism and implies an aesthetic systemon the basis of which the aesthetic concept of"beauty is the perceptual manifestation of the idea".