重庆市乡村小学教师生存状况调查研究

An Investigational Research of the Living Situation of Rural Primary School Teachers in Chongqing

乡村小学教师是乡村小学教育工作的主体。关注乡村小学教师的生存状况是实现义务教育均衡发展的内容之一。通过对重庆市5个区县19所乡村小学教师的实地走访调查,发现乡村小学教师在工作、生活和心理等方面都面临着一些压力或问题,如经济压力较大、教学任务繁重、教学科目过多、社会认同度较低、培训进修机会较少、职业前景不佳、婚恋问题较突出等,从而导致他们的职业认同度和整体幸福指数偏低。这些问题严重影响了乡村小学教育的质量。为此,必须努力改善乡村小学教师的生存状况,让乡村小学教师这个职业成为"足够体面的职业",以提升他们的职业荣誉感和幸福度,使其不仅"留得住",而且"教得好"。

Teacher is the key element of rural primary education. Attention to the living situation of ruralprimary school teachers is one of the important elements in realizing balanced compulsory education. Basedon the field investigation of primary teachers in 19 schools in 5 districts or counties in Chongqing, the writersof this article find that the rural primary school teachers are faced with some pressures or problems in work,life and psychology, such as great economic pressure, heavy teaching burden, too many teaching subjects, lowsocial identity, few training chances, poor occupational prospects, unhappy marriage, etc., which have led totheir low occupational identity and happiness index and seriously influenced the teaching quality. Therefore,it is necessary to improve the living conditions of rural primary school teachers, and make them feel it decentto be a rural primary teacher so as to promote the sense of occupational honor and degree of happiness, sothat not only are they willing to stay, but also they can be good teachers.