钵苗素质研究与机插方式对盐碱地水稻生长、产量的影响

Study on Quality of Potted Seedlings and Effect of Mechanization Transplant on Growth and Yield of Rice in Saline-Alkali Land

为了探讨水稻钵苗机插时适宜的机插秧盘、播种量及机插规格,以常规中熟中粳品种金粳818为试验材料,研究了不同钵盘钵数、不同播种量对水稻秧苗素质的影响,及不同机插规格对水稻生长指标和产量的影响。结果表明,在选择合适的秧盘、播种量提高秧苗素质的基础上,合理的插秧密度对水稻成活率、有效茎蘖数的影响均有极显著提高,选用大钵小播量育秧方式(每盘406个钵数的大秧盘、每盘干谷播种量71 g)和小密度插秧方式(14 cm×29 cm),能够很大程度上提高水稻的株高、单位面积有效穗数、穗粒数、结实率、千粒重等经济指标,从而提高水稻单产。

In order to investigate the suitable transplanting disc, seeding rate and transplanting specifications during mechanically transplanting rice seedlings,the effects of different bowl number and seeding rate on the seedling quality of rice as well as the effects of different mechanized transplanting specifications on the growth indexes and yield of rice were studied by using the conventional mid-maturity and medium japonica rice of Jinjing 818. The results showed that on the basis of selecting suitable seedling tray and sowing amount to improve seedling quality, the effect of reasonable transplanting density on survival rate and effective tiller number of rice was greatly improved. The selection of large bowl and small seeding rate （406 bowls per plate, 71 g dry grain per plate） and small density transplanting method （14 cm×29 cm） could greatly improve the economic indicators of plant height, effective panicles per unit area, grain number per panicle, seed setting rate and one-thousand grain weight of rice, thus increased the yield of rice.