基于指数和法对日照市茶园土壤养分评价研究

Evaluation of Soil Nutrient Status in Tea Garden of Rizhao City Based on Index Summary Method

为了解山东省日照市茶园的土壤养分状况,为茶园土壤持续高效生产提供参考,在日照市茶叶主产区采集109个表层土壤样品,分析其pH值及有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、缓效钾等养分状况,并基于指数和评价法对日照茶园的土壤肥力水平进行综合评价。结果表明:日照市茶园土壤pH值为3. 4~6. 8,42. 20%的土壤样品pH值达到优质茶园标准,另有30. 28%的土壤样品pH值高于5. 5,集中在老龙窝、常家庄、南陈家沟种植区;有机质含量水平整体偏低,仅有32. 11%的样品达到优质茶园标准,主要分布在皂户沟、后马庄种植区;碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量丰富,分别有72. 48%、100%、89. 00%的样品达到优质茶园标准,但缓效钾含量较低,有59. 63%的样品含量低于600. 0 mg/kg,长期供钾能力弱。日照市茶园土壤肥力综合指数较高,Ⅰ级茶园主要分布于皂户沟、南陈家沟、后马庄种植区,Ⅱ级茶园主要集中在薄家口、崖头村、老龙窝、常家庄、后黄埠种植区。

In order to understand the soil nutrient status of tea garden in Rizhao City, and to provide references for sustainable and efficient production of soil in tea garden, 109 surface soil samples were collected from the main tea producing area of Rizhao City. The data used for evaluation and analysis were the contents of pH, organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and slowly available potassium. The soil fertility of Rizhao tea garden had been evaluated by exponential sum method. The results showed that the pH value of tea garden soil varied in the range of 3.4~6.8 and that of 42.20% soil samples reached the standard of high-yielding and good-quality tea garden. In addition,the pH value of 30.28% soil samples was more than 5.5, which mainly distributed in Lao Longwo, Chang Jiazhuang and South Chen Jiagou. The content of organic matter was lower, and that of only 32.11% samples reached the high-quality tea garden standard which mainly distributed in Zao Hugou and Hou Mazhuang. The contents of available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were abundant, and there were 72.48%, 100% and 89.00% samples reached the standard of high-yielding and good-quality tea garden;but the slow-release potassium content was less than 600.0 mg/kg which showed weak long-term potassium supply capacity. The soil fertility composite index of tea garden in Rizhao was high and the average value was 89.22. Grade Ⅰ of tea gardens mainly distributed in Zao Hugou, Hou Mazhuang, South Chen Jiagou, and grade Ⅱ of tea gardens distributed in Bojiakou, Yatou Village, Lao Longwo, Chang Jiazhuang and Hou Huangbu.