论张竞生的乡村教育思想

On the Theory of Zhang Jingsheng's Rural Education

张竞生是一个乡村建设的理论家,贯穿在他的乡村建设系统理论中的一个重要方面则是"乡村教育"。他的乡村建设不仅体现了一种针对人的思想观念的培养,而且他把这种"培养"视为乡村建设的终极目标。因此,在张竞生看来,乡村教育是乡村(经济)建设的意义或必要性所在。张竞生之所以选择了乡村,就是因为尽管乡村的条件简陋,但就教育的目的性而论,教育的效果更加明显。此外,张竞生还认为,从救国救民的角度来看,农村的问题要比城市的问题更为重要,只有从乡村教育入手,方可从根本上抓住整个中国的社会问题。

Zhang Jingsheng was a theorist of rural construction. Among his theories of rural construction system, an important aspect was“rural education”. His view of rural construction not only reflected the cultivation of people’s ideology, but also regarded such“cultivation”as the ultimate goal of rural construction. Therefore, in Zhang’s opinion, rural education was a significant or necessary part of rural （economic） construction.Zhang chose the countryside because there would be more notable education effect in terms of the purpose of education, despite the primitive conditions there. In addition, Zhang also believed that from the perspective of saving the country and the people, the problem of rural areas was much more important than that of urban areas. Only by dealing with rural education, can we fundamentally address the social problems of China as a whole.