基于高场磁共振的快速高分辨成像

Fast and High-resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging on High Field System

磁共振成像理论自1973年由诺贝尔获奖者Paul C. Lauterbur教授奠定以来,历经近半个世纪,在硬件系统和成像方法上均得到飞速发展,成为无创获取生物体组织形态、功能、代谢等多层次信息的强大医学影像工具。近年来,脑科学研究以及心血管与肿瘤等重大疾病精准诊断的迫切需求,对磁共振成像的时空分辨率以及信噪比提出更高的要求。开发快速、高分辨的高场磁共振成像技术与仪器设备成为前沿科学研究和高质量临床诊断的关键。本篇综述将以成像信息技术为核心,从硬件系统部件和快速成像方法两条主线入手,分别介绍磁体、梯度、谱仪、射频等关键部件的发展和挑战,以及前沿快速成像方法的技术突破和高级应用,同时分析超高场磁共振系统在前沿科学研究中的重要价值和面临的技术瓶颈。高场磁共振系统是医疗设备中涉及学科交叉最多、技术体系最复杂、门槛最高的领域之一,是"中国制造2025"高端医疗装备制造的重要目标,因而实现快速高清晰磁共振成像的技术创新突破、形成高场磁共振整机制造能力,具有重大科学意义和产业价值。

Established by the Nobel Laureate of Dr. Paul C. Lauterbur in 1973, magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） has experienced rapid development in both hardware system and imaging methodology. Nowadays, MRI has become a powerful medical imaging tool to noninvasively explore the morphology, function and metabolism of biological tissues from multiple levels. In recent years, high tempospatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio are urgently desired, especially for brain science research and accurate diagnosis of cardiovascular and cancer diseases. Development of high-field MR imaging techniques and devices with fast imaging capability and high resolution characteristic is crucial in cutting-edge science research and high-quality clinical diagnosis. Focusing on the advancement of imaging information technology, this review will systematically introduce the development and challenges in hardware systems, including MR magnet, gradient, spectrometer, radiofrequency components, as well as the state-of-the-art fast imaging methods and advanced applications. In addition, important values and bottleneck of ultrahigh MR system in frontier science research will be discussed. High-field MRI is a complex multidisciplinary area, and also is the important goal of high-end medical equipment manufacture in the ＂Made in China 2025＂ plan. Realization of fast and high-resolution MRI technology innovation and possession of whole-system manufacture capability will be of great science significance and industrial value.