住房贫困与儿童学业:一个阶层再生产路径

Housing Poverty and Children's Learning:A Reproduction Path of Stratum

过去有关社会阶层再生产的研究常常将家庭阶层背景等同于父母收入、职业地位以及文化程度,且忽视了家庭阶层背景对后代教育的影响总是从早期儿童基础教育就已经上演这一重要事实。本文采用2014年中国家庭追踪调查数据,并以住房条件指称家庭阶层背景且分析其与儿童学业表现之间的关系,在控制了个体、家庭、社区及学校等变量后,发现住房贫困对儿童学业表现能够产生负面影响。但进一步分析证实了这种影响受邻里环境调节,即富裕邻里会放大住房贫困对儿童学业所产生的负面后果,住房确实是阶层再生产的一个重要物理机制。本研究在政策层面上有助于更好地落实"扶贫必扶智"的重大举措,以"扶住"为切入点落实"扶智"会比直接现金援助更有效。

Previous studies of social stratum reproduction have often equated family stratum background with parental income, professional status and eduaational level, and neglected the important fact that the impact of family stratum backgrc, und on the education of future generations has always occurred from the early childhood basic education. This article uses the 2014 China Household Tracking Survey data and uses housing conditions to-refer to the family stratum background and analyze its relationship with children＇s academic performance. After controlling variables such as individuals, families, communities, and schools, It has been found that housing poverty can have a negative impact on children＇s academic performance. However, further analysis confirms that this effect is regulated by the neighborhood environment, that is, rich neighborhoods magnify the negative consequences of housing poverty on children＇s academic performance. Housing is indeed an important physical mechanism for stratum reproduction. At the policy level, this study will help better implement the major measures of ＂helping the poor must help the wise＂. It will be more effective to implement ＂helping the wise＂ with ＂supporting housing＂ as an entry point than direct cash assistance.