共同体与自由——《德意志意识形态》中的共同体形态分析

Community and Freedom——Analysis of Community form in “The German Ideology”

在唯物史观的视域中,生产力发展的水平和利益关系是决定共同体呈现出不同形式的两个根本要素,基本可以归类为三种形态:自然的共同体、虚幻的共同体和真正的共同体。除了这两个根本要素以外,现实的人的自由,是我们揭示马克思共同体思想的另一条线索,现实的人的自由即是对人的本质的全面占有,真正的共同体是自由人的联合体,人的自由只能在共同体中获得,自由就成为共同体的价值取向。这一点与习近平总书记提出的人类命运共同体思想有着极深的理论渊源,人类命运共同体是对唯物史观视域下的共同体的当下实践和理论发展。

In the perspective of materialist conception of history, the level of productive forces development and benefit relationship are the two fundamental elements that determine the different forms of the community. They can be classified into three forms, which contains the natural community, the illusory community and the true community. In addition to these two fundamental elements, the freedom of realistic person is another clue to revealing the idea of Marx＇ s community. The reality of human freedom is s a process of generalization in which man acquires his nature. The genuine comnmnity is the freeman association. Human freedom can only be obtained from the community, and freedom becomes the value orientation of the community. This point has deep theoretical toots with the thought of a community of shared future for mankind proposed by General Secretary Xi Jinping. A community of shared future for mankind is the current practice and theoretical development of the community that is in the perspective of materialist conception of history.