民众价值观变迁如何影响美国民粹主义的崛起

The Change of People's Values on the Rise of American Populism

2016年11月,唐纳德·特朗普当选为美国第45任总统,这一事件被广泛视为民粹主义在美国的胜利。基于世界价值观调查数据揭示美国民众价值观变迁与民粹主义崛起的内在关联,是验证或发现美国本轮民粹主义根源的崭新视角。通过考察美国民众价值观中与民粹主义思潮密切相关的政治信任、贫富差距感知以及政治立场定位,论文发现民众的政治信任发生了明显的变迁,其中美国民众对于民主体制的信任程度仍然很高,而对于政党的信任程度则有明显衰减,互联网媒体的崛起更导致了美国民众对于传统媒体信任度的下降;尽管美国宏观经济状况不断改善,美国民众对于自身经济状况仍然持有较高不满。在对美国民众政治立场极化程度进行纵向与横向对比后可以发现,美国社会政治两极化程度并不足以解释民粹主义的崛起。

In November 2016, Donald Trump was elected as the 45th president of the United States, whichwas widely recognized as a populist victory in the United States. The research based on the data of the WorldValues Survey provides a new perspective to verify or discover the roots of the current wave of populism inthe United States, which contributes to revealing the intrinsic relationship between the change of peoplesvalues and the rise of populism. By examining aspects in American people＇s values such as political trust,perceptions to economic disparity, and positions of political stance, which are closely related to populism,the paper finds that people＇s political trust has undergone a marked change. Americans remain highly confident in democratic systems, while their trust in political parties has weakened significantly, and the rise of Internet media has led to a decline in the American public＇s trust for traditional media. Despite the continuous improvement of the macroeconomic situation in the United States, the American people are still highlydissatisfied with their own economic conditions. Vertical and horizontal comparisons of polarization degree ofthe American people＇s political stance reveal that the level of social and political polarization in the UnitedStates is not enough to lead to the rise of populism.