礼貌理论中的“人”与马克思主义中的“人”

“Man” in Politeness Theories and Marxism

人是一切社会活动的行为主体,马克思主义理论体系中不乏对个体存在、属性和发展的论述。语用学中对礼貌的研究同样离不开人的因素。本文尝试将礼貌理论置于马克思主义思想体系中,通过马克思主义理论体系中"现实的人"、"经济人"假设以及"自由人联合体"概念与礼貌行为主体、行为准则以及行为目的分析结合,证明两者之间的相通性。分析认为在对人的存在和本质属性的论述上,两者相互补充,相辅相成;在发展方向上,后者为前者提供依据。

Since human being is the behavioral agent of all social activities, the Marxist theoretical system expounds the existence, characteristics and growth of individuals. Meanwhile, pragmatic study of politeness involves the study of individual human being. Therefore, this paper gives an attempt to place politeness theories into Marxist theoretical system, via integrating “man-in-reality”, “economic man” hypothesis and “community of free individuals” into the analysis on agent, maxims and purposes of polite behavior, thus testifying their correlations. While these two fields are mutually complemented and supplemented, the latter provides guidance for the former in future development.