身份认同视域下梅花拳传承特征与机制研究

Research on Characteristics and Mechanism of Meihua Quan Inheritance from the Perspective of Identity

梅花拳传承的重要特征是个体寻求并获得个人与集体的身份认同。本研究在对梅花拳实地调研的基础上,运用口述史研究方法、文献资料法、逻辑分析法对梅花拳传承中的身份认同现象及形成机制进行研究,认为:(1)梅花拳具有悠久的历史、广泛的传播范围以及庞大的习练群体,而且至今仍具有较强的凝聚力和向心力,"天下梅花是一家"的认同理念是其重要的影响因素。(2)梅花拳个体身份认同规范方式为:双向选择是个体认同的准入理念;正宗技法是个体认同的内在法则;门内活动是个体认同的强化动力;门规戒律是个体认同的外在机制;(3)梅花拳集体身份认同增进方式为:"一徒多师"促进了师父主导亚群体之间的交融;"倒卷帘"形式以亚群体交融促进拳种文化传承;"飘帖"以区域间亚群体交融方式增进集体认同;"文场领导武场"理念规范了梅花拳的集体行为。

An important feature of Meihua Quan inheritance is seeking individuality and obtaining the individual and collective identity. Based on the field research of Meihua Quan, this present paper studies the identity and formarion meehanism of Meihua Quan through methods of literature review, oral history and logic analysis, indicating that ： （ 1 ） Meihua Quan has a long history, a wide range of eonmmnieation, as well as a large number of practitioners, thus having a strong cohesion and centripetal force. An important factor in this regard is the concept of All practitioners of Meihua Quan are a family; （2） The norms of Meihua Quan individual identity includes： Adnfission based on two - way choice ; inherent law of authentic technique ; strengthening power of collective activities ; external meehanism of collective rules ; （ 3 ） The approach to enhance the sense of collective identity in Meihua Quan is： One disciple, multiple masters, which promotes the master - led eonmmnion between sub - groups ; the form of Daojuanlian promotes the blending of cultural heritage of Meihua Quan through sub - group communion; Piaotie （running poster） promotes collective identity between sub groups from different regions ; The concept of literacy cultivation being prior to technique acquisition unifies the collective behavior of Meihua Quan practitioners.