避暑山庄与圣彼得堡比较研究

The Comparative Study of Mountain Resort and St. Petersburg

避暑山庄和圣彼得堡是清朝与俄国在18世纪初期兴建的、内含政治意义的建筑,从避暑山庄和圣彼得堡的兴建可以看出,它们都同样表现出了最高统治者的专断意志、不同前代的文化特征、治国方略和发展思路。不过,避暑山庄的兴建体现的是康乾二帝在君主独裁体制建立后,为实现有效治理、稳定发展而采取的稳健、保守的政策,圣彼得堡的兴建体现的则是彼得一世治下的俄帝国为了迅速强国,推行欧化政策,激进与开放的政策。其中,两国过于保守、封闭与武力扩张的发展方式,都最终损害了长远利益,影响了未来的发展,是我们今后发展中应引以为戒的。

Mountain Summer Resort and St. Petersburg were constructed both in the consideration of politics by Qing Dynasty and Russia in the early 1700 s. Differing from the cultural characteristics, governing strategy, and development ideas of previous dynasties, the construction of Mountain Summer Resort and St. Petersburg has revealed the arbitrary will of the supreme ruler. Nevertheless, the construction of Mountain Summer Resort shows the prudent and conservative policy that is taken in order to achieve effective governance and stable development after Kangxi and Qianlong（two emperors in Qing Dynasty） built the monarchy system. In contrast, the construction of St. Petersburg shows the policy of Europeanization and the radical and open policy that are pursued in order that the Russian Empire governed by Peter I becomes a power rapidly. What should be learned is that the excessively conservative and closed policies, and forceful expansion of the two countries ultimately damaged their long-term interests and impacted their future development.