避暑山庄与清代民族关系述略

A Brief Account of the Relationship between the Mountain Resort and the Ethnic Groups in the Qing Dynasty

清代统治者在深入研究历史、总结历史经验、汲取历史教训方面颇有成就。他们针对中国几千年的民族史、边疆史、宗教史进行了深刻的思考,毅然摒弃被动机械的防御体系,主动出击积极作为,从冲突、碰撞走向融合、发展。"以儒治国、以教治心",刚柔相济、恩威并施,以避暑山庄和外八庙为舞台,以园林、寺庙、牧场、湖沼、楼亭、蒙古包为道具,通过避暑、祝寿、秋、礼佛、会盟、宴赏等活动,不经意地上演了一幕幕民族团结、和谐共生的历史活剧。可见,避暑山庄和外八庙,从建造前的构思就决定其具有鲜明的政治背景和特殊的历史功用,不仅深刻反映了清代前期处理内外蒙古、新疆、西藏等地区民族关系的历史进程,更是中华民族统一和发展的历史见证。

The rulers of the Qing Dynasty have made great achievements in studying history in-depth, summing up historical experience, and learning from history. They have made profound thoughts on China＇s thousands of years＇ s ethnic history, borderland history and religious history, resolutely abandoned the passive mechanical defense system, taken initiativeand positive actions, and changed from conflict and collision to integration and development. ＂Governing the country with the Confucianism, saving the heart with teaching＂, historical dramas of national unity and harmonious symbiosis inadvertently staged, combining hardness and softness, taking the Mountain Resort and the outlying eight Temples as the stage, with gardens, temples, pastures, lakes, pavilions, yurts as props, show activities like going to summer resort, benedicton, autumn hunting, paying respect for Buddha,meetings of sovereigns or their deputies, feast, and others.It can be seen that the Mountain Resort and The outlying eight Temples have a clear political background and special historical functions from the concept of pre-construction, which not only profoundly reflects the history of dealing with ethnic relations about Inner Mongolia,Outer Mongolia, Xinjiang, Tibet and other regions in the early Qing Dynasty, but also witness the history of the unification and development of the Chinese nation.