人类学视域下的美丽乡村建设——以重庆万州龙沙镇推行“联户保洁”制度的实践为例

Beautiful Countryside Construction in Anthropological Perspective: Joint-household Cleaning Activities in Longsha Township,Wanzhou,Chongqing

美丽乡村建设是我国政府解决三农问题的重大举措之一,是新农村建设的升级版。当前,美丽乡村建设的相关研究主要以经济学、管理学、政治学等学科为主导,极少有社会学、人类学、民俗学、民族学学科的参与。人类学参与美丽乡村建设可以充分发挥学科优势,利用参与式调查方法获取当前农村环境卫生状况的第一手资料;遵循民族志的基本原则,以民族志调研报告的形式客观陈述农村环境卫生的真实状况;综合主位与客位的观点,分析美丽乡村建设及"联户保洁"制度的主要经验和问题;在村民参与、多方对话与合作中探索美丽乡村建设的有效路径。

Beautiful countryside construction is another great action of China central government to solve issues relating to agriculture, rural areas and rural people. It is an updated version of new rural construction. At present, studies of beautiful countryside construction are led by economics, management science and politics, while sociology, anthropology, folkloristics and ethnology seldom participate in this project. Anthropology participating in beautiful countryside construction can give full play to disciplinary advantage. It can get first hand data of present rural environment sanitation conditions through participant investigations and describe them in ethnographic report, combine the emic and etic views and analyze the major experiences and problems in beautiful countryside construction and joint-household cleaning, and explore the effective paths of beautiful countryside construction in a way that ensures villagers participation and multilateral dialogue and cooperation.