艺术学理论教学中的“规律断裂”问题与系统比较法

The “Rule Breaking”Problem in Art Theory Teaching and System Comparison Approach

艺术学理论教学中有两种不断复现的事实:学生选题溢出学科边界和理论创新人才培养困难。它们有着某种形式上的关联,即都受制于"规律断裂"。前者是对子系统(门类艺术系统)的经验视野与对母系统(艺术系统)的综合把握之间的规律断裂所致;后者则一般归因于解构型研究与建构型研究之间的规律断裂,即把现成模型进行简单或创造性应用与基于事实的推测而创造理论模型之间的规律断裂。系统比较法由于具有弥合或帮助跨越规律断裂的功效而进入艺术学理论教学的视野。在应用中它能帮助学生树立综合研究观念、培养理论直觉和唤起模型建构兴趣。"系统内外比较法"和"双向比较法"是针对具体规律断裂问题而精炼出的两种具有可展开性、可教授性和易操作性的教学方法。

There are two kinds of recurrent facts in the art theory teaching： student’s selection of topics spillovers subject boundary and difficulties in cultivating theoretical innovation talents. Both of them have something of association in terms of form： they are in control of “rule breaking”. The former is caused by the breaking of the experience vision of the subsystem（special art system） and the comprehensive mastery of the parental system（art system）. The latter, under normal circumstances, is attributed to the rule breaking between deconstructive research and constructive research： the rule breaking between the simple and creative application of the ready-made model and the creation of theoretical models with fact-based speculation. System comparison approach has entered into the field of art theory teaching due to its effect of bridging the rule breaking. In the application, it is supposed to help students establish comprehensive research concepts, cultivate theoretical intuition and arouse interest in model building. The “system internal and external comparative approach”and “two-way comparison approach”are two kinds of teaching approaches with characteristics of being expanding, teachable and easy to operate.