《三国志·先主传》“取蜀城中金银”语辨析

An Analysis of “Took the Gold and Silver in City Shu” from Liu Bei's Biography in The Records of the Three Kingdoms

《三国志·蜀书·先主传》载有"先主……取蜀城中金银分赐将士,还其谷帛"之语。对于"城中金银"与"谷帛"的来源,学界认识不一,或以为公私皆有,或以为仅限府藏,或以为"抗命诸家"。据《华阳国志·刘先主志》"取蜀城中民金银颁赐将士,还其谷帛"中"民"字可知,"金银"与"谷帛"实系城中民众所有,而与府库无关。整句意为"刘备先是没收蜀地城中民众的金银与谷帛,后用金银来赏赐将士,又将(一定数量的)谷帛还于旧主"。刘备取蜀城中民金银、谷帛也反映了其在入蜀后对益州豪族进行打压的统治政策。

The book of Records of the Three Kingdoms has the words"In the Shu City the first Emperor( Liu Bei) ……took the gold and silver which he distributed to his officers and solders,and returned the cereals and cloth."In regard to the origin of the"gold and silver in Shu City"and"cereals and silks",the academic world has different understandings. Some people think those were both public and private,or from the government warehouses or rebellious lords. According to "Records of Huayang KIngdom",the first Emperor"took gold and silver from the people of the Shu City which he distributed to officers and soldiers,and returned the grain and silks",the wealth belonged to the people,having nothing to do with government warehouses. So the records suggest Liu Bei first confiscated the wealth of the Shu City,he then used the wealth to reward his army and returned a certain amount of grain and silks to the original owners. Liu Bei's practice also reflected his policy of oppression against rich and powerful families of YIzhou Prefecture after his invasion.