改革开放40年国家支持农村义务教育的政策经验与反思

The Policy Experience and Reflection of the State's Support for Rural Compulsory Education in the 40 Years of Reform and Opening Up

改革开放40年我国农村义务教育取得的成就根植于改革开放的伟大实践和教育现代化的历史进程,体现了鲜明的政策支持性,其政策经验主要体现为:一是始终将农村义务教育列为党和国家教育政策的优先领域,前瞻性设计;二是探索并完善切合我国特点的义务教育"责任型政府"治理机制;三是积极回应义务教育不同发展阶段的典型问题并实施针对性的政策措施。面向2035年,继续支持农村义务教育发展,需要更好地回应农村家长、农村儿童和农村教师合理的现代性诉求,设计更加有支持力度,更加有智慧的现代农村义务教育制度。

The achievements of China＇s rural compulsory education in the past 40 years of reform and opening are rooted in the great practice of reform and opening up and the historical process of education modernization, which embodies distinct policy support. Its policy experience is mainly reflected in following aspects： first, the rural compulsory education is always listed the priority areas of the national education policy; the ＂responsible government＂ governance mechanism of compulsory education has been explored and improved according to China＇s characteristics; finally, the typical problems of different stages of development of compulsory education has been actively responded to and targeted policies has been implemented. In the blueprint forward 2035, continuous support should be provided to the development of rural compulsory education. The reasonable modern appeals of rural parents, rural children and rural teachers should be better responded to, and a more supportive and smarter modern rural compulsory education system should be developed.