表象训练对模拟快速上浮脱险训练者心率的影响

Effect of imagery practice on the heart rate of the trainees in simulated fast buoyancy ascent escape

目的 探讨心理训练对快速上浮脱险训练人员心率变化的影响.方法 对54名受训者进行快速上浮脱险训练,深度包含0m适应训练以及1、5、10 m正式训练,训练过程中测量受训者心率.其中25名进行表象训练者为试验组,不进行表象训练者29名为对照组,比较2组人员心率差值的变化.结果 在1 m快速上浮脱险训练中,与对照组相比,在130 s时,试验组的心率差值[（55.38±17.66）次/min]显著高于对照组[（41.11±16.46）次/min],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.在5 m快速上浮脱险训练中,与对照组相比,在-290、-270、-250、-190、-170、-150、-130、-110、10、30、50、70、90、110 s试验组的心率差值显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.在10 m快速上浮脱险训练的整个过程中,2组间在各个时间点上心率差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 模拟快速上浮脱险训练会增加受训者的心率,表象训练能够有效降低受训者在5 m快速上浮脱险训练过程中的心率.

Objective To explore the effect of imagery practice on the heart rate of the trainees in simulated fast buoyancy ascent escape.Methods Fifty-four trainees received a series of simulated fast buoyancy ascent escape training,including 0 meter acclimatization training and 1,5 and 10-meter formal trainings.Of the 54 trainees,25 who received imagery training were assigned as the experimental group,while others who did not receive imagery training were designated as the control group.Heart rate was measured during the course of training,differences in the changes of heart rates were compared between the 2 groups.Results In the 1-meter fast buoyancy ascent escape,the heart rate of the experimental group at 130 s was significantly higher,as compared with that of the control group （P ＜ 0.05）.In tbe 5-m fast buoyancy ascent escape,the heart rates of the experimental group at-290,-270,-250,-190,-170,-150,-130,-110,10,30,50,70,90 and 110 s were significantly lower than those of the control group,and statistical significance could be noted,when comparisons were made between the 2 groups （P ＜ 0.05）.However,in the 10-meter fast buoyancy ascent escape,there were no significant differences at various time points,when comparisons were made between the 2 groups （P ＜ 0.05）.Conclusion Simulated fast buoyancy ascent escape training could increase the heart rate of the trainees and psychological training could effectively decrease the heart rate of the trainees during the process of the 5-meter fast buoyancy ascent escape.