吉林省西部10个浅水湖泊水环境质量和大型底栖动物群落特征

Characteristics of Quality of Water Enviroment and Macrobenthos Community in the 10 Shallow Lakes in Western Jilin Province

以吉林省西部松原市和白城市境内的10个浅水湖泊为研究对象,于2017年4～9月,进行了实地水样和底泥样品采集,分析了浅水湖泊中大型底栖动物群落的结构特征、多样性及其与水环境因子的相关关系。研究结果表明,在被调查的浅水湖泊中,共鉴定出大型底栖动物3门3纲10目21科40属54种,主要隶属于软体动物门和节肢动物门,其中,软体动物门和节肢动物门都为26种,分别占物种总数的48.15%;丰水期优势种为白旋螺（Gyraulus albus）、平盘螺（Valvata cristata）、西伯利亚盘螺（Valvata sibirica）、小土蜗（Galba pervia）和瑞士水丝蚓（Limnodrilus helveticus）,平水期优势种为白旋螺、西伯利亚盘螺、红裸须摇蚊（Propsilocerus akamusi）、毛蠓（Psychodidae）和瑞士水丝蚓。在丰水期,道字泡水体为中度富营养状态,其它9个浅水湖泊水体都为重度富营养化状态;在平水期,10个浅水湖泊水体都为重度富营养化状态。在丰水期,影响大型底栖动物群落分布的水环境因子为总氮、氨氮和溶解氧含量,在平水期,为总氮、氨氮和总磷含量。氮污染物是影响10个浅水湖泊中大型底栖动物的关键因子。

From April to September 2017, water samples and sediment samples were collected in the 10 shallow lakes in Songyuan city and Baicheng city in western Jilin province. The structure characteristics, diversity and correlation of macrobenthos communities with water environment factors were analyzed. The results indicated that there were 3 phyla, 3 classes, 10 orders, 21 families, 40 genura and 54 species of macrobenthos in the investigated shallow lakes. The main species were mollusca and arthropoda. Among them, 26 species belonged to the mollusca, accounting for 48.15% of the total number of species, and 26 species belonged to the arthropoda, accounting for 48.15%. The dominant species in the rainy season were Gyraulus albus, Valvata cristata, Valvata sibirica, Galba pervia and Limnodrilus helveticus. The dominant species in the intermediate season were Gyraulus albus, Valvata sibirica, Propsilocerus akamusi, Psychodidae and Limnodrilus helveticus. In the rainy season, the water of Daozipao Lake was moderate eutrophic, and other 9 lakes were severe eutrophic. In the intermediate season, the water of all of the 10 lakes were severe eutrophic. In the rainy season, the main influencing factors of distribution of macrobenthos community were contents of total nitrogen,ammonia nitrogen and dissolved oxygen. In the intermediate season, the main influencing factors of distribution of macrobenthos community were contents of total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus. Nitrogen pollutants were the key factors affecting macrobenthos in the study area.