中国丛枝菌根真菌分子多样性

Molecular diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal in China

【背景】随着分子生物学技术的发展,通过分子生物学方法鉴定丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)多样性的研究越来越多。目前,AMF在全球的分子多样性及其分布已引起关注,但在我国关于AMF分子多样性的研究进展状况尚未见报道。【目的】探究我国AMF分子多样性及其分布,研究不同气候区域以及不同生态系统中AMF分子多样性并揭示其分布规律,为我国AMF在分子水平上的研究提供基础数据。【方法】利用Davison于2015年发表于"Science"上的一篇有关全球AMF分子多样性的数据库,选用中国AMF多样性的数据,并补充了近年来已发表的该数据库中未涉及的数据,建立中国AMF分子多样性的新数据库。【结果】共得到145个分子生物学鉴定出的虚拟种(Virtualtaxa,VT),隶属于8科12属。对于不同生态系统而言,草地生态系统中AMF的分子多样性最高,占到总VT数的60.7%,人为生态系统和森林生态系统也分别达到55.2%和43.4%。同样,AMF的VT数也随气候区域的不同而有所变化,温带气候区域所占比例最高(64.1%),亚热带气候区域次之(60.7%),极北气候区域最少(20.7%)。而对于根系和土壤样品中AMF的分子多样性而言,根系样品中发现的AMF分子多样性(80.0%)高于土壤中AMF的分子多样性(48.3%)。进一步对不同生态系统、气候区域和样品来源分别在属的水平上进行研究,同样也存在一定的差异。【结论】我国具有丰富的AMF分子多样性,且不同气候区域、生态系统以及样品来源都影响着AMF的分子多样性及其分布。

[Background] With cost reductions for DNA next generation sequencing, researchers have readily utilized these tools to identify taxonomic diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi（AMF）. Globally, the molecular diversity and distribution of AMF in the world has attracted attention, whilst there has been little research on the molecular diversity of AMF at the regional scale in China. [Objective] We characterized the molecular diversity and distribution of AMF in China at different ecosystems（grassland, human-made, forest）, climatic regions（temperate, subtropical, polar）, and localized sampling strategy（DNA from roots or soil）. [Methods] Based on Davison＇s AMF global database（2015）, and supplemented some data published after 2015, a new AMF database was established on the molecular diversity at the regional scale in China. [Results] A total of 145 virtual taxa（VT） identified, belonging to 8 families and 12 genera. For ecosystems, the molecular richness of AMF in the grassland ecosystem was the highest, accounting for 60.7% of the total VT, with the human-made ecosystem and forest ecosystem also reached 55.2% and 43.4%, respectively. Similarly, the species richness of VTs in AMF also varies with the climatic region, with the highest percentage in the temperate climate（64.1%）, followed by the subtropical climate（60.7%）, and least in the polar climate（20.7%）. VT richness of AMF was also influenced by sampling fractions from roots and soil, with richness of AMF found in root samples（80.0%） was higher than that of AMF in soil（48.3%）. [Conclusion] China has high AMF molecular diversity as quantified by species richness, at different climatic regions, ecosystems, and sampling strategy at the regional and localized scale.