植物-菌根真菌联合修复重金属污染土壤

Remediation of heavy-metal contaminated soil by plant-mycorrhizal fungal combinations

菌根是菌根真菌侵染植物根系后在植物根部形成的共生结构。菌根技术作为一种生物强化技术应用于重金属污染土壤的植物修复已引起研究者的广泛关注。目前大量研究表明菌根能强化植物对重金属的转运、富集及根系稳定化过程,并通过促进营养物质的吸收利用、稳定细胞内氧化还原平衡、调控抗逆性相关基因的表达以及改善根际微生态环境等方式提升寄主植物的抗逆性。本文在介绍菌根真菌在植物修复重金属污染的联合过程中的作用效应及机制的基础上,分析了目前限制该技术应用的瓶颈问题以及未来的研究方向,为植物-菌根真菌联合修复的推广应用提供理论基础。

Mycorrhizae are symbiotic structures formed in the roots of plants after mycorrhizal fungi infect plant roots. The use of mycorrhizae as a bio-enhancing technology in the phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil has attracted extensive attention of researchers. A large number of studies have shown that mycorrhizae can strengthen the heavy metal transportation and accumulation, and root stabilization processes of plants. In addition, they can promote the absorption and utilization of nutrients, stabilize intracellular redox balance, regulate the expression of resistance-related genes, and alter the micro-environment in the rhizosphere to improve host plant resistance to contaminants. In this paper, through reviewing the results and mechanisms of using plant-mycorrhizal fungal combinations to rehabilitate soil polluted with heavy metals, the bottleneck problems that limit the application of this technology and the future research directions are analyzed. This may provide a theoretical basis for the application of combined plant-mycorrhizae bioremediation technologies.