风信标扇贝的性腺发育与繁殖周期规律研究

Studies on Gonadal Development and the Reproductive Cycle of Patinopecten caurinus

本研究利用性腺指数周年检测及性腺组织切片观察的方法,对蓬莱海头村海区浮筏养殖的风信标扇贝性腺发育及繁殖规律进行研究。自2016年1月—2016年12月期间,课题组除1、2月份外(分别为4、2次)每月采集蓬莱海头村海区浮筏养殖的风信标扇贝性腺样品3次,同时测定采样点水温,采用组织学方法和肉眼观察分析其性腺发育的季节性变化规律,探究海水温度季节性变化对性腺发育的影响。结果表明:蓬莱海区浮筏养殖的风信标扇贝性腺发育周期为一年,每年经历4个时期,分别为增殖期(12月—次年1月)、生长期(2—3月)、成熟期(4—6月)、休止期(7—11月)。海水温度变化与风信标扇贝性腺发育相关性显著(P <0.05):风信标扇贝经过12月—次年3月的低温刺激和营养积累后,到达其繁殖期(4—6月),期间平均水温为11.2℃,并在4月上旬出现性腺指数峰值(24.25);当水温高于20.0℃时,性腺指数较低且小于10.00。本研究结果填补了中国风信标扇贝性腺发育研究方向的空白,为人工繁育风信标扇贝提供了重要的理论指导。

Weathervane scallop Patinopecten caurinus , are some of the largest of commercially harvested scallops and have a wonderful sweet flavor, which can only be found in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. A comprehensive understanding of reproductive biology of P. caurinus is needed for promoting the growth of aquaculture and exploiting significant commercial development value in China. In this paper, Weathervane scallop were selected as the research species, for identifying annually gonadal development and effects of temperature on reproductive cycle by observing gonads annual development changes. From January to December of 2016, scallop samples were collected three times monthly （except four times in January and twice in February） from raft-cultivation area in Penglai, Yantai. Simultaneously, we recorded temperature of sampling spot and analyzed gonadal development at various temperatures and seasonal variation pattern of Weathervane scallop by using combination of visual inspection and routine histological methods. Studies showed that reproductive cycle of Weathervane scallop occurred once a year and was divided into four stages： proliferative stage （from December to January）, reproductive stage （from February to March）, maturation stage （from April to June） and resting stage （from July to September）. Specially, temperature of marine water significantly affected gonadal development of P. caurinus （cold-water scallop species）： After relatively lower temperature stimulating and nutrition accumulation from December to March, Weathervane scallop had the maximal gonad index （24.25） in early April and then emerged in reproduction period （average temperature, 11.2 ℃）. Moreover, relatively lower gonad index （which not exceeding 10.00） was found as the corresponding temperature of marine water exceeded 20.0 ℃. Weathervane scallop gonad index variation was negatively related to temperature changes, with significant correlation coefficient （ P 〈 0.05）. The aim of this research was to investigate gonadal development patterns of Weathervane scallop cultured in China, which may contribute to a better understanding of gonadal development and the reproductive cycle, as well as provide significant theoretical reference for further studies on hatchery culture of Weathervane scallop.