突发事件中网络谣言的生成、传播与应对机制研究——以天津港“8·12”特别重大火灾爆炸事件为例

The Study of Formation, Spread Mechanism And Intervention of Online Rumors in Emergencies--Example of the Explosions on Aug 12 in Tianjin

我国正处于社会转型时期，政治、经济和文化方面的不平衡发展使得公共突发事件日益增多。公共突发事件的爆发往往伴随着谣言的大量滋生和迅速蔓延，再加上互联网的自由空间给了人们极大的话语权，谣言的传播搭上了“顺风车”，影响范围更广。谣言肆虐容易引发群体性的非理性情绪与行为，造成大规模的社会恐慌，进而使政府的信息传播和可信度大大降低，不利于公共危机事件的处理。因此，科学认识、准确把握网络谣言的发生机制和传播机理并及时消解谣言，对于维护社会和谐稳定有重大现实意义。2015年8月，天津港“8·12”特别重大火灾爆炸事件举国震惊，事故后谣言的大量转发也引发广泛关注。本文以该事件为例，从传播学的角度对突发事件中网络谣言的生成、传播与应对机制进行探讨，以求更全面地认识网络谣言的传播过程，从而使网络谣言得到更有效的防治。

At present, our country is being in a society transformation peri-od. The unbalanced development of politics, economy, and culture makes a growing public emergencies. The outbreak of public eme of a large number of breeding and spread rapidly, also ~ge th ncies often with rumors e freedom of the Inter- net gives people a great voice, therefore, the influence of rumor is wider. Wild rumors are likely to cause a mass of irrational emotions and behavior, massive so- cial panic and reduce the credibility of the government. So it＇s not conducive to the public crisis event handling. For this reason, it＇s necessary to understand the formation and spread mechanism of internet rumors correctly and then dispel ru- mors in time. The explosions on August 12, 2015, in Tianjin horrified the coun- try, tellingly, a large number of rumors were forwarded by many people after the accident. Based on this example, the author of this article discusses those online rumors from the angle of communication science, in order to understand the transmission process of online rumors, and prevent it effectively.