修剪与施氮互作对板栗光环境及产量品质的影响

Effect of pruning and nitrogen interaction on luminous environment,yield,and quality of Castanea mollissima Bl.

【目的】探讨修剪与施氮量互作对板栗树体光环境、产量及果实品质的影响,以明确适宜板栗的修剪与施氮量最佳组合。【方法】以13年生的板栗‘燕山早丰’为试验对象,采用双因素随机区组试验,研究修剪强度(每平方米投影面积留结果母枝17～18、14～15和11～12个,分别记为X1、X2和X3)与施氮量(施氮量为0,375和750kg/hm2,分别记为N0、N1和N2,施磷量均为164kg/hm2,施钾量为311kg/hm2)互作对板栗树体光环境、产量及果实品质的影响。【结果】处理X2N1、X2N0与其余处理相比无效光区最低,其中X2N1的叶面积指数最高,树体内有效光区比例达83.33%,无截取散射最小,而且产量(3 528.0kg/hm2)最高,与X1N0处理相比增产效果(127.03%)最明显;果实可溶性糖(25.73%)、直链淀粉(15.03%)与支链淀粉(38.98%)含量最高,分别比X1N0提高了111.42%,23.30%和10.8%。【结论】综合分析光环境、产量及果实品质等指标得出,每平方米留结果母枝14～15个和施氮375kg/hm2是适宜板栗果实生长的修剪与施氮量最佳组合。

[Objective] This study investigated the effect of pruning and nitrogen interaction on nitro gen and phosphorus contents,ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus,yield,single seed weight and bur nut rate of Castanea mollissima to determine the optimum combination of pruning and fertilizer. [Method] Thirteen year old C. mollissima ＇Yanshanzaofeng＇ was chosen with random block experiment of two factors to study the interaction of pruning intensity （17 18,14 15 ,and 11 12 biennial bearing branches per square meter of crown projection area,donated as X1 ,X2 ,and X3） and nitrogen（N） application level （three N lev els,0,375 kg/hm2 ,and 750 kg/hm2 ,donated as No ,N1 ,and N2） on the chestnut canopy light environment, yield,and quality. Phosphorus application level was 164 kg/hm, and potassium application rate was 311 kg/hm2. [Result] Compared with other treatments, invalid light regions of X2N1 and X2N0 were the low est. X2N1 had the highest leaf area index （LAI） with effective light region ratio of 83. 33% , the lowest DIFN,and the highest yield （3 528.0 kg/hm2）, which was 127.03% higher than treatment X1N0. X2N1 treatment also had the highest soluble sugar content （25.73%） ,amylose content （15. 03%） and amylopec tin content （38.98%） ,and they were 111. 42%,23. 30% and 10.8% higher than those of X1N0. [Conclusion] Based on comprehensive consideration of luminous environment,yield and quality,X2N1 was the opti mum combination of pruning and fertilizer.