施肥对膜荚黄芪生长及黄芪甲苷含量的影响

Effects of fertilization on growth,dry matter accumulation and quality of Astragalus membranaceus

【目的】探究不同氮、磷配比对药用植物膜荚黄芪生长和黄芪甲苷积累的影响,为延安地区黄芪施肥和品质评价提供参考。【方法】采用田间试验设置不同氮磷施肥配比,共设10个处理,分别为N0P0(对照)、N1P1、N1P2、N1P3、N2P1、N2P2、N2P3、N3P1、N3P2、N3P3(N0、N1、N2、N3分别表示施用0,120,150和180kg/hm^2尿素;P0、P1、P2、P3分别表示施用0,450,600和750kg/hm^2过磷酸钙),测定不同处理黄芪茎直径、株高、冠幅、根长、根直径和干物质积累,衡量黄芪生长状况;同时测定不同处理黄芪水分、灰分、水溶性浸出物、醇溶性浸出物和黄芪甲苷含量,探讨施肥对黄芪品质的影响。【结果】不同氮、磷配比对黄芪生长各指标影响不同。茎直径的适宜施肥方案为N2P1和N3P1处理,而N1P3和N2P3处理的株高、冠幅、根长和根直径等指标响应最优。N1P3处理黄芪终极生长量最高,较对照N0P0增加24.87%;N2P1和N2P3处理次之,对照最低。各施肥处理干物质累积总量比对照增加18.18%～70.06%,平均增加44.12%。施氮量为120和150kg/hm^2时,施磷量对黄芪水分含量的影响总体表现为:450kg/hm^2>600kg/hm^2>750kg/hm^2,但水分含量对氮肥响应不明显;灰分含量总体随氮磷肥施用的增加而降低;在施氮量为120～150kg/hm^2时,水溶性浸出物、醇溶性浸出物和黄芪甲苷含量总体随施磷量的增大而升高,施氮量高于150kg/hm^2时,随施磷量的升高而降低;在N1P3和N2P3施肥水平下,黄芪甲苷含量分别较对照组提高了36.36%和48.48%。【结论】合理配施氮磷肥可促进黄芪生长、干物质积累和品质提高,且以N1P3和N2P3处理效果较佳。

[Objective] Effects of different nitrogen and phosphorus ratios on growth of Astragalus membranaceus and accumulation of astragaloside were studied to provide reference for its fertilization and quality evaluation in Yan＇an,Shaanxi. [Method] A total of 10 treatments including NOPO （control） ,N1P1,N1P2,N1P3,N2P1,N2P2,N2P3,N3P1,N3P2 and N3P3 were set up in field experiments. N0,N1,N2 and N3 indicate that the application rates of urea nitrogen are 0,120,150 and 180 kg/hm2 ,and P0,P1,P2 and P3 represent that the application rates of superphosphate are 0,450,600 and 750 kg/hm2. The stem diameter, p ured height, crown width, root length, root and dry matter accumulation of plants were meas moisture, ash, water soluble extract, alcohol soluble study the effects on Astragalus memb had different effects on growth height, crown width, root leng growth fertilization trol traga kg/h galos diameter reached and astragaloside content were deter [Result] Different nitrogen and phosphorus m under N2P1 and N3P1,while ratios plant th and root diameter were the best under N1P3 and N2P3. The limited of Astragalus membr group NOP0, followed by N2P1 was the highest under N1P3, whic and N3P1 treatments. The total dry h was 24.87% more than matter accumulation of all treatments increased by 18.18%- 70.06% with the average of 44.12% compared to the con The effect of phosphorus fertilizer application on water content of Astragalus membranaceus the order of 450 kg/hm2〉600 kg/hm2〉750 kg/hm2 when nitrogen fertilizer was 120 -150 kg/hm2 ,while the response to nitrogen was not significant. Ash content increased with the increase of ni and phosphorus application. The contents of water soluble extracts, alcohol soluble extracts and as loside increased with the increase of phosphorus application when nitrogen fertilizer was 120 -150 kg/hm2 ,but it decreased when nitrogen application rate was larger than 150 kg/hm2. The contents of astra ide in N1P3 and N2P3 were 36.36% and 48.48% higher than the control group. [Conclusion] The The best treatments in and phosphorus application could promote quality and dry matter accumulation d N2P3.