湖北省枣阳市6～12岁儿童变应性鼻炎流行病学调查分析

Epidemiological investigation and analysis of allergic rhinitis among 6-12 years old children in Zaoyang City of Hubei Province

目的:调查湖北省枣阳市6～12岁儿童变应性鼻炎(AR)流行病学特征。方法:选取2018年6月枣阳市中心城区的2所小学的所有儿童为研究对象,设计AR调查问卷表,进行流行病学调查,采用SPSS 20.0统计软件进行分析。结果:枣阳市6～12岁儿童AR患病率为13.7%,女童患病率为11.9%,男童患病率为15.3%,男童高于女童,但其差异无统计学意义(χ~2=3.033,P>0.05)。单因素分析显示,与AR相关的影响因素有年龄(t=2.729,P<0.01)、过敏性疾病家族史(χ~2=172.067,P<0.01)、暴露于吸烟或粉尘环境(χ~2=43.091,P<0.01)、怀孕时暴露于吸烟环境(χ~2=6.09,P<0.05)、宠物喂养史(χ~2=9.473,P<0.01)。结论:枣阳市儿童的变应性鼻炎患病率较高,年龄、过敏性疾病家族史、暴露于吸烟或粉尘环境、怀孕时暴露于吸烟环境、宠物喂养史是AR发病的危险因素。

Objective：The aim of this study is to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of allergic rhinitis（AR）among 6-12 years old children in Zaoyang.Method：All the children aged from 6 to 12 years old from2 primary schools in Zaoyang in June 2018 were randomly selected as the research objects.The AR questionnaire was designed,and the epidemiological investigation was carried out.The results were analyzed by SPSS 20.0 software.Result：The prevalence rate of children aged 6-12 in Zaoyang was 13.7%,the prevalence rate of girls was11.9%,and the prevalence rate of boys was 15.3%.The prevalence rate of boys was higher than that of girls,but the difference was not statistically significant（χ2=3.033,P〈0.05）.Univariate analysis showed that the factors related to AR were age（t=2.729,P〈0.01）,family history of allergic diseases（χ2=172.067,P〈0.01）,exposure to smoking or dust environment（χ2=43.091,P〈0.01）,exposure to smoking environment during pregnancy（χ2=6.09,P〈0.05）and pet feeding history（χ2=9.473,P〈0.01）.Conclusion：The incidence of allergic rhinitis among 6-12 years old children in Zaoyang is high,age,family history of allergic diseasese,exposure to smoking or dust environment,exposure to smoking environment during pregnancy,and pet feeding history are risk factors for the incidence of allergic rhinitis in children.