民间规范的生存空间及其受国家法的规制与改造——基于博弈论与新制度经济学的视角

On the Living Space of Folk Norms and the Regulation and Transformation of Folk Norms by National Laws——From the Perspective of Game Theory and New Institutional Economics

在现代法治社会,民间规范存在的前提是它必须符合现代法治精神和基本的公平正义理念,必须是袪魅的和理性的。作为社会主体长期博弈的结果,民间规范主要作用的场域是私人领域以及交织紧密社会的公共领域,当然这并不意味着这些领域排斥国家法的作用。国家法与民间规范在理想的情况下是相互支撑和相互补充的关系,但现实中也可能产生相互冲突。当民间规范代表的是一种低效的均衡解或是成本外部化的均衡解时,国家法对民间规范的规制和改造是可能的,但需要满足以下条件:国家法能提供更优的均衡解,且此种规制和改造所获得的收益高于由此付出的成本。

In a modern society ruled by law, the premise of existence of folk norms is that they must be disenchanted and rational, and must conform to the basic concept of fairness and justice. As a result of longterm game between social subjects, the main sphere of folk norms is the private sphere and the public sphere of a closely intertwined society. However, this does not mean that the private sphere excludes the existence of national laws. Ideally, national laws and folk norms support and supplement each other,but in reality there is likely to be conflicts between them. When folk norms represent an inefficient equilibrium or equilibrium with cost externalization, it is possible that laws can regulate and transform folk norms, but two conditions need to be met: The laws can offer a better equilibrium, and obtain more benefits than the costs.